Identity and role of the 24 elders

Abstract

This study examines the identity and role of the 24 elders in the book of revelation. They are a well-known group in the entire book, as apostle John mentioned them twelve times (Rev 4:4,10; 5:5,6,8,11,14; 7:11,13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4). Their identity and role are left open and ambiguous by the author. Scholars and theologians are divided regarding this matter. The most common views about their identity are the following: (a) angels of the highest order, (b) leaders of the heavenly worship, (c) representatives of the heavenly saints, (d) the glorious heavenly beings, (e) first resurrected human beings, (f)the pre-tribulation raptured church, (g) representatives of the current age and old testament saints, (h) representatives of the redeemed humanity, and (i) the figures are taken by apostle John in the astral mythology of Babylon. These views are summarized into two categories, either angelic or human beings. This paper applies the historical-grammatical method of interpretation, using the lens of the historicist approach in understanding the book of revelation. The literary and historical context of revelation are analyzed. The structure of Rev 4 and 5 is studied. The keywords (presbuteroi, thronoi, leukoi himatoi, stephanoi chrysoi, and eikosi tessares) associated with the 24 elders are further examined for a clearer understanding of the subject under study. The study concludes that the 24 elders are most likely heavenly beings. A distinct type of angels differs from the cherubim, seraphim,and millions of angels. they are called elders to signify that they might be the representative of their kind, connoting their office. Their thrones signify that they rule and have dominion. Their crowns symbolize that they are victors, probably of the first great war in heaven, or probably created to have crowns on their heads as a sign of distinction among others from their kind and that they are wearing common heavenly clothing. They are 24 in number to signify their role in the heavenly sanctuary services as the assistants of God. The anti-type of the earthly sanctuary institution of the courses of priesthood made by king David to serve in the temple to be built by his son king Solomon. Their presence in the inauguration and enthronement of Jesus as King/Priest and co-regent with the father is vital, for they probably represent the entire universal government of God from different realms and worlds to witness the worthiness of Jesus as the lamb. Thus, this would provide a glimpse into the infinite operation of God in the universe, that his servants are all angels, and it is a privilege for a man to be part of this operation. Furthermore, knowing that the elders are heavenly beings would inspire us to believe that the sole representative of the human family is Jesus christ himself.